Weeds in Irrigated Pasture - University of California Extension

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PDF 24 pages 11 species 21 images Includes weed control and prevention guidelines for several types of weeds. Weeds in Irrigated Pasture - by UC Extension

Baltic Rush

Cool Season

Perennial

Reproduces from seed & rhizomes

Induced by wet and overgrazed conditions-indicates a disturbed site

Occurs in soils that are not adequately drained

Forage value is low

Italian Thistle

Annual or Biennial

Reproduce from seeds which can remain viable for eight years

Found on road sides pasture and waste areas

Induced by open space where seedlings have the opportunity to thrive

Bull Thistle

Biennial

Chokes out desirable forages

Encouraged by overgrazed or barren land

Grows from one to six feet Highly competitive

Henbit / Dead Nettle / Mint

Annual, biennial, short-lived perennial

Rarely grows over 12 inches

Has square stems

Cool season weed

Induced by poor drainage and irrigation

Pigeon Grass / Green Foxtail / Wild Millet

Annual

Tolerates dry/moist/acidic and neutral soils

Cannot grow is shade

Requires well drained soils

Although Palatable before heading out, yield is greatly reduced

Sour / Curly Dock

Perennial

Known to produce oxalates which can poison cattle

Commonly associated with over watering or weed infested irrigation ditches

Velvetgrass

Perennial grass

Grows from 1-2.5 feet tall

Vigorous seedlings choke out more desirable grasses
Induced by barren lands

Underground rhizomes make control difficult

Smut Grass

Warm season perennial

Normally unpalatable and grazing encourages the spread of seed

Two species-1 is smaller and narrower

Name comes from smut fungus which inhabits the plant in the humid south where it has been an ongoing problematic weed.

Johnson Grass

Perennial

Reproduces from seeds and rhizomes

Can cause nitrate and prussic acid poisoning if fed after stress from drought or frost

Barnyard Grass

Summer Annual

Can survive drought and flourish when moisture is present

Grows from 6 inches to 6 feet

1 plant produces 40,000 seeds

Conflicts with cool season irrigated pasture forages

Spiny Cocklebur

Annual

Difference between Spiny cocklebur (left) and the poisonous common cocklebur (below) is the lack of spines on common cocklebur

The burs of each catch in the wool and tails of livestock

Inhabits dry areas

References

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Forero, Reed, NRP-1193 (1993) Irrigated Pasture Production in the Sacramento Valley

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Baumann, Paul A., B-5038 (2004) Suggestions for Weed Control in Pasture and Forages

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DiTomaso, Joseph M., (1996) Yellow Starthistle: Chemical Control

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DiTomaso, Joseph M.,Principles of Weed Control Third Edition, Irrigated Pastures pgs 329-336

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University of California ANR, 4030-I, Growers Weed Identification Handbook

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Whitson, Burrill, Dewey, Cudney, Nelson, Lee, Parker,(2002) Weeds of the West 9th Edition

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CalPhotos: Plants website University of California, Berkeley http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/flora/

Regions Impacted: (See related documents in region)

USA,

Pacific,

Southwest

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